The key with these vaccines is what they prevent. The Oxford vaccine, a recombinant vaccine using a simian adenovirus vector, prevented disease but not infection or viral replication in monkeys. This and other vaccines have been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies in people. That’s great, but reduction in symptoms without blunting infection and viral replication may not be good enough to extinguish the pandemic. Let’s keep fingers crossed and hopes high, but also temper our expectations. Too many people, including key elected officials, have underestimated the seriousness of this viral pandemic.